Chapter+33+Guided+Reading

A.P. World History Guided Reading Chapter 33 “Globalization at the Turn of the Millennium”

Terms:

1. **al Qaeda**- an extremist Islamic organization supported by a Saudi named Usama bin Laden, who was incensed with American political, military, and cultural influence in the Middle East. 9/11 highjackers had associations with al Qaeda 2. **Ethnic cleansing**- effort to eradicate a people and its culture by means of mass killing and the destruction of historical buildings and cultural materials. Ethnic cleansing was used by both sides in the conflicts that accompanied the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Orthodox Serbs attempted to ride the state of Muslims 3. **weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)**- nuclear, chemical, and biological devices that are capable of injuring and killing large numbers of people. International agreements to restrict testing g and spread of nuclear weapons were signed in 1960s and 1970s. 4. **Usama bin Laden**- Saudi-born Muslim extremist who funded the al Qaeda organization that was responsible for several terrorist attacks, including those on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 5. Economic sanctions 6. **World Trade Organization (WTO)-** An international body established in 1995 to foster and bring order to international trade. Replaced GATT. Reduced trading barriers and enforces international trade agreements. 7. **G-8 (Group of Eight)-** formed by the seven richest nations and Russia to have annual meets that have an enormous impact on international trade and politics and attract a variety of protesters 8. **IMF (International Monetary Fund)-** makes their assistance conditional on internal economic reforms that are often politically unpopular. 9. Nuclear nonproliferation 10. **Universal Declaration of Human Rights-** A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights 11. **Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)-** nonprofit international organizations devoted to investigating human rights abuses and providing humanitarian relief. Two NGOs won the Noble Peace Prize in the 1990s: International Campaign to Ban Landmines (1997) and Doctors Without Borders (1999) 12. **Cultural imperialism-** domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority 13. **Popular (pop) culture-** entertainment spread by mass communications and enjoying wide appeal 14. **Global culture**- cultural practices and institutions that have been adopted internationally, whether elite (the English language, modern science, and higher education) or popular (music, television, the Internet, food, and fashion)