chap+12+key+terms!!

Mongols:** A people with this name is mentioned as early as rhe records of the Tang Empire, living s nomads in northen Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Gengis Khan, linking the western and estern Eurasia. Ming Empire:
 * Key Terms!!!!
 * Gengis Khan:** The title of Temujin when he ruled Mongols (1206-1227). It mean the "oceanic" or "universal" leader. He was the founder of Mongols Empire.
 * nomadism:** A way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which group of people continually migrate to find pastures and water.
 * Yuan Empire:** Empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan.
 * bubonic plague:** A bacterial disease of fleas that can be stranmitted by fleas bites to rodents and humans;( see also Black Death)
 * Il-khan:** A "secondary" or "peripheral" khan based in Persia. The Il-khan's kanate was founded by Huleg, a grandson if Genis Khan, and was based at Tabriz in mordern Azebaijan. It controlled much of Iran and Iraq.
 * Golden Horde:** Mongols khanate founded by Gengis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based on southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic Language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde.
 * Timur:** Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate, Timur through conquest gianed control overmuch of Central Asia and Iran. He consoidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his decendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire for nearly founded the Mughal empire in India.
 * Rashid al-Din:** Adviser to the II-khan ruler Ghazan, who converted to Islam on Rashid's advice.
 * Nasir al-Din Tusi:** Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy near Tabriz provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernican model of the solar system.
 * tsar:** From Latin caesar, this Russia title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III.
 * Ottoman Empire:** Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca.1300. After the fall of the Byzantine empire, the Ottoman empire was based as Istanbul from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.
 * Khubilai Khan:** Last of the Mongols Great Khans and founder of the Yuan Empire.
 * llama:** A hoofed animal indigenous to the Andes Mountain in South America. It was the only domesticated beast of burden in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans. It provided meat and wool.
 * Beijing:** China's nothern capital, frist used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the captital of the People's Republic of China.
 * Yongle:** Reign peiod of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming empire. He sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopendining of China's border to trade and travel.
 * Zheng He:** An Imperial eunuch and Muslim, entruted by the Ming emperor Youngle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.
 * Yi:** The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan.
 * kamikaze:** The"divine wind", which the Japanese credited with Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281.
 * Ashikaga Shogunate:** The 2nd of Japan's millitary goverments headed by a shogun (a millitary ruler). Sometime called the Muromachi Shogunate.A
 * Alexander Nevskii:** Prince of Novgorod. He submitted the invading Mongols in 1240 and received recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde.