600-1450+CE


 * 7 Weeks 7-13 - 600 C.E. - 1450 (22%)**

Part III - Competition Among Cultural Communities, 600-1200 - p193 Chapter 8 - The Rise of Islam, 600-1200 - p196 i. The Origins of Islam - 197 2. The Arabian peninsula Before Muhammad 3. Muhammad in Mecca 4. The Formation of the Umma 1. avowal that there is only god god and Muhammad is his messenger 2. prayer five times a day in the direction of Mecca 3. fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan 4. paying alms 5. making the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
 * Shi'ites are the "Party of Ali" and believe that religious leadership belonged to him and his descendants.
 * Sunnis believe that the community should choose it's leader and that Ali should be cursed.
 * The Ghadir al-Khumm is a major festival.
 * religion shaped both of the societies.
 * 1) The Origins of Islam
 * Arabs were secluded on the Arabian peninsula and some of their society spread onto the deserts of Syria, Jordan, and Iraq.
 * Religion started on the interior regions of Arabia.
 * Most of the people were farmers and sailors, and there were generally no nomads.
 * "Empty Quarter" is a huge sand area.
 * The camel saddle was brought about by the nomadic caravan trade.
 * Wheeled vehicles were slowly replaced with pack camels and donkey's in 600 C.E.
 * Many people converted to Christianity because of the exposure to it.
 * Mecca was a late-blooming caravan city in a mountain valley between Yemen and Syria.
 * A nomadic kin group known as the Quarysh.
 * Quarysh group settled in Mecca in about the fifth century.
 * Ka'ba is a holy well and a pilgrimage site for Mecca.
 * Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 C.E. as an orphan.
 * Mecca was originally an important trading city before it became an important religious site.
 * Around 610, Muhammad began meditating at night.
 * The "Night of Power and Excellence" is known as the night when Gabriel spoke to Muhammad.
 * Arabs believed in unseen spirits and that some people could have contact with the spirits.
 * A Muslim is one who makes submissions to the will of God.
 * They believed that Jews and Christians were being negligent in preserving Gods word.
 * Mecca feared a loss of power and prosperity if they accepted that Muhammad was a sole agent.
 * Muhammad and his followere fled Mecca to Medina in 622.
 * hijra marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
 * An umma is a community the is defined only on acceptance of Islam and Muhammad.
 * Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad, but it wasn't the same because he could not receive revelations.
 * The Five Pillars of Islam:
 * Quran is the writing of Muhammads organized revelations which was created in 650 C.E. and it is also known as the unalterable word of God.
 * Shi'ites believe that the caliph position should be more secular than religious.
 * There are three division of Islam: Shi'ites, Sunnis, and Kharijite.

ii. The Rise and Fall of the Caliphate, 632-1258 - p202 iii. Islamic Civilization - 208

Chapter 9 - Christian Europe Emerges, 600-1200 - p218 i. The Byzantine Empire, 600-1200 - p219
 * The Byzantine emperors established Christianity as their official language.

ii. Early Medieval Europe, 600-1000 - p223 iii. The Western Church - p228
 * Papacy, which is the office of the pope, became more powerful after the tenth century
 * Church problems:
 * 1) Lingering polytheism.
 * 2) Lax enforcement of prohibitions against marriage of clergy, nepotism, and simony.
 * 3) The persistance of the papacy in asserting its legal jurisdictionover clergy.
 * 4) Combating polytheism and heretical beliefs.
 * 5) Calling on secular rulers to recognize the pope's authority.

iv. Kievan Russia, 900-1200 - p231
 * In 980, Vladimir the first made himself prince of Kievan Russia.
 * He built a temple on Kiev's heights.
 * There he placed the statues of the six gods hih Slavic people worshipped.
 * Having married a woman from the Byzantine Imperial family, he converted to Orthodox Christianity.

v. Western Europe Revives, 1000-1200 - p234 vi. The Crusades, 1095-1204 - p237 Crusades were Christian miliatary campaigns against the Muslims in the Mediterranean areas

CHAPTER 8-9 Test Prep

Chapter 10 - Inner and East Asia, 600-1200 - p243 i. The Early Tang Empires, 618-755 - p245 ii. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China, 600-907 - p251 iii. The Emergence of East Asia, to 1200 - p254 iv. New Kingdoms in East Asia - p261

Chapter 11 - Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas, 600-1500 - p267 i. Classic-Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica, 600-900 - p269 ii. The Postclassic Period in Mesoamerica, 900-1500 iii. Northern Peoples - p277 iv. Andean Civilizations, 600-1500 - p281
 * The Mayan civilization was one of the greatest civilizations of all times.
 * They created there on form of written language making them one of only five civilzations to do so.
 * The Mayan had many different forms of technology that were centuries beyond the other civilizations of the time, because the European's were in their Medieval period.
 * They created a calendar to predict the phases of the moon and predicted major events in history many hundreds of years before they happened.
 * The Mayan's had an advanced system of mathematics
 * Maya spontaneously disappeared leaving no reason for deserting there cities.
 * The reason of the Mayan for deserting their cities has never been found since it was proven that it was not from disease, political downturn, or any other usual reason that civilizations have failed.

Part 4 - Interregional patterns of Culture and Contact, 1200-1550

CHAPTER 10-11 Test Prep

Chapter 12 - Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200-1500 - p294 KEY TERMS i. The Rise of the Mongols, 1200-1260 - p295 ii. The Mongols and Islam, 1260-1500 - p302 iii. Regional Responses in Western Eurasia - p307 iv. Mongol Domination in China, 1271-1368 - p309 v. The Early Ming Empire, 1368-1500 - p312 vi. Centralization and Militarism in East Asia, 1200-1500 - p317

Chapter 13 - Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500 - p324

Chapter 13 Key Terms

i. Tropical Lands and Peoples - p325 ii. New Islamic Empires - p330 iii. Indian Ocean Trade - p338 iv. Social and Cultural Change - p343

Chapter 14 - The Latin West, 1200-1500 - p349

Chapter 14 Key Terms

i. Rural Growth and Crisis - p351 ii. Urban Revival - p356 iii. Learning, Literature, and the Renaissance - p364 iv. Political and Military Transformations - p368

Chapter 14 Presentation http://docs.google.com/Presentation?id=dg34953j_183cp973jd9

Chapter 14 Notes http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dg34953j_245fsh3thgb

Chapter 15 - The Maritime Revolution, to 1550 - p375

Chapter 15 Key Terms

i. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 - p376 1. The Pacific Ocean 2. The Indian Ocean 3. The Atlantic Ocean
 * The peoples of Polynesia were considered to have made a most impressive feat by Pacific Ocean exploration before 1450.
 * Easternmost of the Marquesas Islands reached about 400 C.E. Easter Island around 500 C.E. and the Hawaiian Islands about 500 C.E. New Zealand was settled in 1200.
 * Magellan wanted to understand how Polynesians ventured so far in canoes; he also thought that Hawaii and Easter Island were settles by Americans, not Polynesians, so he used a theory by sailing his 'balsa-wood raft', //"Kon Tiki"//, westward from Peru.
 * Evidence for Polynesian settlement included closely related island languages. Similarity was found in the western Pacific and Malaya.
 * Malayo-Indonesians were settled on Madagascar. Continued throughout 15th century.
 * Rise of medieval Islam blessed the Indian Ocean with a boost of trade.
 * By 1400, the Muslim trading communities settled encompassed around the Indian Ocean.
 * Ming Dynasty overthrows Mongol rule and begins to reestablish China in 1368.
 * Admiral Zheng He, a Chinese Muslim, led a Chinese fleet over to the Indian Ocean basin, including 61 junks, and 200 smaller vessels.
 * In 1415-1416, the Swahili Coast of East Africa sends delegations to China; but no documents record the reactions.
 * Vikings dominate the Atlantic Ocean in the early Middle Ages. They succeeding without compasses or maps.
 * Vikings originated from Iceland in 770. From there later move to Greenland in 982 then further on found America by mistake four years later.
 * Leif Ericsson established Vinland, in Newfoundland, which diminished in 1200 due to cold weather.
 * Early Amerindian voyagers from South America colonized the West Indies.
 * By 1000 the Amerindians become known as the //Arawak//, moved on up from the Lesser Antilles [Barbados, Martinique and Guadeloupe] to the Greater Antilles [Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico], and well as into the Bahamas.

ii. European Expansion, 1400-1550 - p382 1. Motives for Exploration 2.Portuguese Voyages
 * Henry the Navigator, third son from the king of Portugal, 1394-1460, devoted the rest of his life to exploration of the South Atlantic.
 * He was concerned mainly for the exploration of Africa. He later reached India.
 * He established permanent contact with Maderia in 1418 and Azores and 1439.
 * //Caravels,// small ships made by the Portuguese, were their main means of transportation. Contained small cannons and were fast.
 * They discovered "Cape Verde" in 1444 in the lands below the Sahara, naming it because of its dense vegetation.
 * Henry was the governor of the //Order of Christ//, a military religious order in which he would use to fund his voyages.
 * Bartolomeu Dias was the first [Portuguese] explorer to venture round the Southern African tip and enter the Indian Ocean.
 * Vasco de Gama leads a voyage to sail around Africa and reach India.

3. Spanish Voyages
 * Christopher Columbus, 1451-1506, a Genoese mariner, led four voyages between 1492-1502.
 * Expeditions were traveled in three small ships, the //Santa Maria//, the //Pinta// and the //Nina//.
 * In October 1492, they reached the Caribbean.
 * In order to prevent disputes between Spain and Portugal, the papal proposal, the //Treaty of Tordesillas// of 1494 drew an imaginary line down the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Lands east of the line belonged to Portugal and west of the Americas to Spain.
 * Ferdinand Magellan, 1480- 1521, led voyages that would complete Columbus'.

iii. Encounters with Europe, 1450-1550 - p389 1. Western Africa 2. Eastern Africa 3. Indian Ocean States 4. The Americas
 * The Arawak of Hispaniola cultivated maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, hot peppers, tobacco and cotton. Skilled at mining.
 * Conquistadors attacked the Bahamas to get gold and labor. Many Arawak were taken to Hispaniola as slaves.
 * Juan Ponce de Leon, 1460- 1521, participated in the conquest of Muslim Spain and later captured Borinquen, present day Puerto Rico, in 1508 and explored southeastern Florida in 1513 looking for the fictional "fountain of youth".
 * Hernan Cortes, 1485- 1547, left Cuba in 1519 along with 600 men in order to assault inland Mexico to establish trade and search for slaves.
 * The Mexica, or Aztecs, believed Cortes was their legendary god Quetzalcaotl, and treated him like a king.
 * Smallpox first overtakes Hispaniola in 1518. A member of Cortes' expedition then spread the deadly decease throughout Mexico.
 * Aztec emperor Moctezuma II, 1502-1520, declared Cortes an enemy and was [Moctezuma] killed in battle. The Spanish captures Tenochtitlan in 1521 but is backfired by the spreading of smallpox.
 * Fransisco Pizarro, 1478- 1541, had his eye on the Inca Empire. In 1533 they capture Cuzco and are ready to conquer the rest of the empire.

Chapter 15 Presentation http://docs.google.com/Presentation?id=dg34953j_222hfxqrpcw

Chapter 15 Notes http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dg34953j_246dp7bxjjq

Unit 2 Test