Chapter+16+Key+Terms


 * 1) Renaissance-period of time where art and intellectual activity was at its high.
 * 2) papacy-office of the pope.
 * 3) indulgence-forgiveness of the punishment die for past sins, granted by the Catholic authorities as a reward for a pious act.
 * 4) Protestant Reformation-Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519.
 * 5) Catholic Reformation-Religious reform movement to respond to above.^
 * 6) witch-hunt- pursuit of people convicted of witch-craft in Europe.
 * 7) Sciencetific Revolution-movement in Europe initially associated with planetary movements and and other physics.
 * 8) Enlightenment-
 * 9) bourgeoisie-urban class that gained money by manufacture, trade, cooking, and finance.
 * 10) joint-stock company-business that sold shares to individuals to raise money for itself.
 * 11) stock exchange-place where shares in a company are bought and sold.
 * 12) gentry-China;privileged class of prosperous families.
 * 13) Little Ice Age-100 years of cold climate in Europe starting in the 1590's.
 * 14) deforestation-loss of forest. Cutting down forests to make room for urbanization.
 * 15) Holy Roman Empire-federation of mostly German states and principalities. Lasted from 962-1806.
 * 16) Habsburg-powerful European family.
 * 17) English Civil War-Royal family vs. Parilamentary rights.
 * 18) Versailles-palace in Versailles,France built by King Louis XIV. Symbolized power and architecture of the French.
 * 19) balance of power-policy in Europe which made sure not one European state became too powerful.