Chapter+18+Guided+Reading

Guided Reading: Chapter 18 AP World History “The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550 – 1800”

1. Atlantic System**-moved goods and wealth, as well as people, along the Atlantic coast even in the great Gang 24. Ayuba Suleiman Diallo**-African that provided information about enslavement practices in the Western Sudan
 * __Terms:__
 * 2. chartered companies-**one of the formations that promoted national colonial claims without government expense
 * 3. Dutch West India Company**-trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants’ trade in the Americas and Africa
 * 4. Plutocracy-**small number of very rich men who owned most of the slaves and land
 * 5. “great gang”-**did the heaviest work and was composed of stronger slaves in the prime life
 * 6. “grass gang”**-was composed of children under the supervision of and elderly slave. Women formed the majority of the field laborers,
 * 7. head boiler**-
 * 8. “driver”**-privileged male slave who made sure everyone did their job
 * 9. Seasoning**-period of adjustment to new environment
 * 10. grand blancs**-great whites
 * 11. petits blancs**-little whites
 * 12. free blacks**-
 * 13. Manumission**-a legal grant of freedom to an individual slave
 * 14. Maroons**-runaways in the Caribbean
 * 15. Capitalism**-management of large financial resources though mechanisms
 * 16. joint-stock company**-a business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risk among many investors
 * 17. stock exchange**-a place where shares in a company or business enterprises are bought ands sold
 * 18. Mercantilism**-policies adapted by European states to promote their citizens’ over seas trade and accumulate capital in the form of precious metals
 * 19. Royal African Company-**an association of English investors with the exclusive right to trade along the Atlantic coast of Africa
 * 20. Atlantic Circuit**-clockwise networks of sea routes
 * 21. Middle Passage**- part of the great circuit where slaves were transported across the Atlantic to the plantation colonies
 * 22. “Triangular Trade”-**a route that carried rum to West Africa, slaves to West Indies, and molasses and rum back to New England
 * 23. “fixed melancholy”-**deep physiological depression
 * __Individuals / Peoples:__

25. West Indies**-the first place in the Americas reached by Columbus and the first part of the Americas where native populations collapsed
 * __Places / Kingdoms / Empires / Colonies:__
 * 26. Elmina and Luanda-**West African trading station
 * 27. Barbados**-a Caribbean island, founded by English societies
 * 28. Saint Domingue-** present day Haiti, became the greatest producer of sugar in the Atlantic world
 * 29. Gold Coast**-headquarters of the new Royal African Company
 * 30. Slave Coast**-
 * 31. Angola**-in southern Africa, greatest source of slaves for the Atlantic trade.

32. Navigation Acts**-confined trade with it’s colonies to English ships and cargoes
 * __Legislation / Governmental Acts:__

1. By 1600, wh0 was the world’s leading sugar producer? 2. How did the Dutch West India Company prosper and areas did it firmly control? 3. Describe – in order – the steps in the cultivation of sugar cane and production of sugar. 4. List all the ways that sugar plantations were environmentally damaging. 5. What were the reasons for the high mortality rate on plantations? 6. Describe completely either in a list or in a narrative, the journey of African slaves from Africa to the New World 7. Explain the role of Africans in the slave trade and make a list of the products they received in the trade 8. What country eventually was the greatest source of slaves in the Atlantic trade? 9. How did European and Islamic slave trade affect Africa?**
 * __Questions to Outline:__