Chapter+20+Guided+Reading

Guided Reading: Chapter 20 AP World History  Guided Reading: Chapter 20 “Northern Eurasia, 1500 – 1800”

Terms: 1. Jesuits (Society of Jesus) – A religious order of men in the Roman Catholic Church 2. Dutch East India Company – Trading company established in 1602 when States-General of the Netherlands granted a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia 3. East India Company of England – Joint stock company formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but ended up trading with Indian subcontinent and China 4. Kowtow – Act of kneeling and touching forehead to ground as obsequious act 5. tsar (czar) – From Latin “Caesar”, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III 6. Boyars – Member of a class of higher Russian Nobility 7. Serfs – In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia some serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861 8. “china” - all fine dishes in Europe that they had bought in such large quantities from Ming China 9. dalai lama – ruler and chief monk of Tibet, believed to be reincarnation of Siddhartha Gautama 10. Variolation – Deliberate inoculation of an uninfected person with the smallpox virus ; led to development of other vaccines later in Europe 11. Cha – Chinese Tea 12. Macartney Mission – Unsuccessful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing empire 13. Shogunate – A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator 14. Samurai – Literally “those who serve” the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate 15. Seppuku – Suicide by disembowelment on a sword practiced by samurai

Individuals / Peoples: 16. Francis Xavier - One of the first Catholic missionaries from Spain and Portugal; went to India, spent 2 years in Japan hoping to gain entry to China 17. Ivan IV (“the Terrible”)  - Prince of Muscovy; pushed Russian conquest south and east 18. Mikhail Romanov - a boyar. or member of the Russian Aristocracy, became tsar 19. Cossacks - Turkic or warrior or mercenary solder; belonged to close knit bands, superb riders and fighters, and were feared; helped with the expansion of Russia 20. Peter the Great  - Greatest Romanov Tsar; reduced Russia;s isolation and increased empire's size and power; 21. Manchus - 22. Li Zicheng - Apprentice iron worker who lost his job due to effort to save money by government. He enlisted as a soldier but gathered forces and revolted, taking over Beijing, but then losing it to the Manchu armies. 23. Kangxi  - led China to great economic, military, and cultural achievement; gained control of government by executing his chief regent; reign marked by great expansion as well as stability, lasting until his death 24. Tokugawa Ieyasu – Shogun who gained upper hand in conflict of Japanese Civil war, becoming Shogun and creating new military government

Places / Empires: 25. Siberia  - path of less resistance to the Russians to gain warmer waters to the east 26. Muscovy - territory surrouding Moscow, most important Russian city under Mongol rule 27. St. Petersburg - City built by Tsar Peter the Great; Russia's capital 28. Ming Empire - brilliant economic and cultural achievements; transformed global economy with their techniques; "golden age"; ended sped up by "little ice age" which lowered annual temperatures, political deteriorating, and technologically lagging. rapid urban growth and business speculation, price inflation, little interest in developing, failed paper currency, and corruption also weakened the empire. The fall was due to growing rebelling and rising power of Manchu. 29. Qing Empire  - rose from the fallen Ming Empire under the Manchu family; adopted Chinese institutions and policies; 30. Tokugawa Shogunate – New military government established by Tokugawa Ieyasu 31. Edo – New administrative capital created by the Shoguns

Wars / Treaties / Events: 32. Great Northern War - Russian war under Peter the Great against Swedish control of black sea 33. Treaty of Kiakhta (research on the internet the results) 34. Treaty of Nerchinsk (list the results) - treaty between Quin and Russian Empires, fixed border along Amur River and regulated trade across it 35. “Closing” of Japan - closing of Japan to European influence after European missionaries converted Japanese from Buddhism; this closing was not complete, as a few Dutch were permitted to reside on a small artificial island, with a few Japanese licensed to supply their needs; the information they brought to Japan was known as "Dutch Studies" 36. “Forty-Seven Ronin” incident - captured the ideological and social crisis of Tokugawa Japan's transformation from a military to a civil society; Senior minister provoked young lord to draw sword at shogun's court, leading to his death. His samurai were loyal and according to code avenged him, killing the senior minister, but then notifying the shogun of their loyalty to their daimyo and avenging his death. However, shogun sentenced them to death, but honorable by seppuku, thus showing law over military values as samurai

Questions to Outline: 1. Describe land-based empires AND their tendencies. - Japan, military government led to civil values, abandoning their Samurai. China Russia 2. What impact did the Jesuits have on China? Kangxi welcomed them into high offices, creating maps, scientific and philosophical issues, medical expertise (anatomical and pharmaceutical knowledge) 3. List 10 accomplishments of Peter the Great. -reduced Russia's isolation -increased empire's size and power -accelerated trends under way -constructed navy -discovered how western European societies were becoming so powerful and wealthy as a result of trade and techology -broke Swedish control of Black sea, establishing more contacts between Russia and Europe -imitated baroque style then fashionable in France -promoted professional army and navy officers according to merit, not birth 4. Why was Siberia so valuable? 5. List 10 reasons why the Ming Dynasty fell. 6. Explain how the early Qing Empire expanded trade. 7. How did British trade with the Qing Empire affect its economy and why? 8. Describe the Tokugawa industrial sector in the 1600 and 1700s. 9. Describe the role of Christianity in Tokugawa Japan.